Magic means different things to different people. For believers in the paranormal, for example, it
refers to the manipulation of events, people, and objects through supernatural means to create a
desired outcome. This type of magic may involve spells, rituals, charms, and other tools to alter
the practitioner's environment. The word is also used to refer to tricks and sleight of hand which
make it seem like things are appearing and disappearing, as though supsernaturally.
Magic, sometimes known as sorcery, is the practice of consciousness manipulation and/or
autosuggestion to achieve a desired result, usually by techniques described in various conceptual
systems. The practice is often influenced by ideas of religion, mysticism, occultism, science, and
psychology.
The performance of magic almost always involves the use of language (in Western civilization, mainly
Latin). Whether spoken out loud or unspoken, words are frequently used to access or guide magical
power. In "The Magical Power of Words" S. J. Tambiah argues that the connection between
language and magic is due to a belief in the inherent ability of words to influence the universe.
Bronsilaw Malinowski, in Coral Gardens and their Magic , suggests that this belief is an
extension of man’s basic use of language to describe his surroundings, in which “the knowledge of
the right words, appropriate phrases and the more highly developed forms of speech, gives man a
power over and above his own limited field of personal action. Magical speech is therefore a
ritual act and is of equal or even greater importance to the performance of magic than non-verbal
acts. Yet not all speech is considered magical. Only certain words and phrases or words spoken
in a specific context are considered to have magical power. Magical language, according to C.
K. Ogden and I. A. Richards's categories of speech, is distinct from scientific language
because it is emotive and it converts words into symbols for emotions; whereas in scientific
language words are tied to specific meanings and refer to an objective external reality.
Magical language is therefore particularly adept at constructing metaphors that establish symbols
and link magical rituals to the world.
Historically, people who practiced magic often offered a variety of services to their community
including health care, the removal of bad spells, the manipulation of weather for good crops, and so
forth. These people became figures of veneration and respect because of their perceived abilities.
They were also associated with less practical things like enchantments; many folk tales incorporate
enchantments in which people are bewitched or tricked into doing things, for example.
While practitioners of magic were historically sometimes venerated, they were also feared. Many
cultures experienced periods in which witches and other practitioners of magic were hunted down and
punished, tortured, or killed. People believed in the power of magic, feeling that the spells cast
by someone could have a real-world effect, and sometimes blaming events like famines, plagues, and
crop failure on witches and others.
Modern practitioners of magic can be found in many regions of the world. Some are traditional
shamans and wisepeople who serve tribes and communities as their antecedents have for centuries,
while others incorporate magic into the practice of their faith, like Wiccans. The practice of magic
for these people may include spells, rituals, medication, the creation of magical objects, charms,
and similar tools.
In the less mystical sense, magic is a discipline in which people learn to physically manipulate
their environment to create illusions. Skilled magicians can appear to make flowers bloom in
mid-air, cut women in half, conjure rabbits from top hats, escape from sealed tanks, and perform
other feats. This practice of magic does not involve the harnessing of supernatural forces; it
requires hard, focused work and years of study to be successful.
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